Sources & Citations

This page provides a comprehensive list of all the sources used in compiling information for this website. We are committed to transparency and accuracy in all our content.

Official Government Sources

Commission on Elections (COMELEC)

Official election data, candidate information, election rules, and schedules.

Senate of the Philippines

Official records of incumbent senators' legislative accomplishments, voting records, and authored bills.

House of Representatives

Records of bills and resolutions filed by senatorial candidates who previously served as representatives.

Official Gazette

Official journal of the Republic of the Philippines containing government announcements, speeches, and policies.

Philippine Statistics Authority

Official demographic, economic, and social statistics used for fact-checking claims.

Media Organizations

Rappler

News coverage, fact-checking, candidate profiles, and electoral analysis.

Philippine Daily Inquirer

News coverage, editorial analysis, and candidate interviews.

GMA News Online

Debate coverage, candidate profiles, and election updates.

ABS-CBN News

Election coverage, candidate interviews, and debate highlights.

CNN Philippines

Town hall discussions, candidate profiles, and fact-checking.

Philippine Star

Election coverage, candidate features, and editorial analysis.

BusinessWorld

Economic policy analysis and business-related electoral coverage.

Manila Bulletin

Election news, candidate profiles, and regional campaign coverage.

Watchdog Organizations & Research Institutions

VERA Files

Independent fact-checking, candidate profiles, and investigative reports.

LENTE (Legal Network for Truthful Elections)

Election law analysis, voter education materials, and monitoring reports.

PPCRV (Parish Pastoral Council for Responsible Voting)

Voter education materials and election monitoring reports.

Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism

In-depth investigative reports on candidates' backgrounds, wealth, and controversies.

Institute for Political and Electoral Reform

Electoral reform analysis and candidate platform evaluations.

Ateneo School of Government

Policy analyses, electoral studies, and governance research.

University of the Philippines - Center for Integrative and Development Studies

Research papers on electoral politics and policy recommendations.

International Organizations

International Foundation for Electoral Systems (IFES)

Electoral system analysis and international best practices.

International Criminal Court

Official statements and documents regarding investigations mentioned in debates.

Permanent Court of Arbitration

Official rulings on the West Philippine Sea dispute referenced in candidate positions.

United Nations

Reports and data used for verifying claims on international matters.

Candidate Sources

Official Campaign Websites and Social Media

Direct source of candidates' platforms, biographies, and policy positions.

Official Debates and Forums

Transcripts and recordings of candidate statements during official debates.

Filed Certificates of Candidacy

Official biographical information submitted to COMELEC.

Our Sourcing Methodology

In compiling information for this website, we adhere to the following principles:

  • We prioritize official government sources for factual information.
  • We cross-reference information with multiple credible sources before publication.
  • For controversial claims, we present multiple perspectives and clearly indicate the source.
  • We distinguish between verified facts and analysis or opinion.
  • We update our content regularly to reflect the most current information available.
  • We acknowledge and correct errors promptly.

This sources page is regularly updated as new information becomes available and additional sources are referenced.

Last updated: April 24, 2025